Lung resection is a surgical procedure performed to remove a portion of the lung, typically due to the presence of disease or abnormalities such as cancer, tumors, or severe infections. The procedure aims to eliminate diseased or damaged lung tissue to improve respiratory function and overall health. The extent of resection can vary, ranging from removal of a small segment of the lung to an entire lobe or, in more severe cases, the entire lung. There are several types of lung resection, including wedge resection, segmentectomy, lobectomy, and pneumonectomy. A wedge resection involves removing a small, wedge-shaped section of the lung, usually to treat localized tumors or infections. Segmentectomy involves the removal of a larger, but still limited, portion of the lung that includes a segment of a lobe. Lobectomy is the removal of an entire lobe of the lung, often performed for larger tumors or extensive disease. Pneumonectomy involves the removal of an entire lung, typically reserved for cases where the disease affects the whole lung. The need for lung resection often arises from conditions such as lung cancer, which can cause symptoms like persistent cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, and unexplained weight loss. Other indications include benign lung tumors, severe chronic infections, or conditions that impair lung function significantly.
Complications from lung resection can include infection, bleeding, and adverse reactions to anesthesia. Post-surgical complications may involve issues such as respiratory distress, atelectasis (collapse of part of the lung), and pneumothorax (air in the pleural space). Long-term complications may include reduced lung function and the need for rehabilitation to improve breathing and physical activity levels. Recovery from lung resection involves pain management, respiratory therapy to assist with breathing and prevent complications, and gradual physical activity to restore strength and endurance. Patients are often advised to follow specific guidelines for activity and recovery, including smoking cessation and regular follow-up visits to monitor lung function and overall health. Lung resection can significantly improve outcomes for individuals with severe lung conditions, offering potential for long-term recovery and enhanced quality of life by addressing the underlying issues affecting lung health.
